The Quantum Moment:
Quantum Mechanics in Philosophy, Culture, and Life

PHI 382 / PHY 382 - Spring 2009

Prof. Robert P. Crease
Office Hours: Tuesday 4:00-5:00, 213 Harriman
(631) 632 7585, rcrease notes.cc.sunysb.edu

Prof. Alfred Scharff Goldhaber
Office Hours: Tuesday 1-2 Help room Physics A-129, 2-3 Office Math 6-113
(631) 632-7975, goldhab max2.physics.sunysb.edu


T 5:20-8:20
Harriman 116


Course Description

This course explores the implications and influence, real and alleged, of quantum mechanics on fields other than physics. For an introduction, see also http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/35621. Our title was inspired by an exhibition and book, entitled "The Newtonian Moment," that charted a 250-year period during which ripples from Newton's discoveries, especially in mechanics and gravity, radiated out first to a small school of specialists, and then in successively larger circles, eventually penetrating all niches of human life from art to commerce. It is now over 80 years since the inception of quantum mechanics, and 100 years since a crucial contribution by Einstein to its foundations, and it seems worthwhile to look at what kinds of ripples have come from a development in some ways much more startling and hard to swallow than Newton's work. What have been the reactions to quantum mechanics in worlds outside the physical sciences? How, if at all, have such reactions reflected back on what hard-core practitioners in this field do - and think about what they do?

Such questions will be at the focus of this course. How has quantum mechanics permeated culture to offer what seem to be significant new perspectives on the human condition? What does it mean, if anything, for philosophy, ethics, biology, and social behavior? We shall explore how quantum mechanics fits, or does not fit, with traditional models of science, and with more recent accounts such as social constructivism. We shall discuss some of the important debates at the founding of quantum mechanics, such as the Einstein-Bohr debate on the possibility of hidden variables, the Bohr-Heisenberg debate on the interpretation of complementarity, and the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. We shall look into the "double-slit" experiment with single electrons, the "most beautiful experiment in science." We may also discuss such issues as nonlocality, hidden variables, new dimensions of the debate of free will versus determinism, scientific perception and measurement theory. Required and suggested readings include texts that claim to find a connection between quantum mechanics and Faulkner's novels, surrealist paintings, Christian thought, Eastern mysticism, and the theatre of Bertolt Brecht and Richard Foreman. The course will not involve technical mathematics. The introduction to quantum mechanics provided by the instructors will be aimed at non-science students. Besides readings, the course will also involve plays including Copenhagen, films, and guest speakers.

One purpose of this course is to seek out appearances of quantum mechanics that are recent or unknown to us. Each student will be expected, every other week, to hunt down, post on Blackboard, and briefly discuss in class a new reference to quantum mechanics in some context outside physics. Students will be expected to work on a final project, to be presented in class.

Syllabus

  • Jan. 27: Introduction

    The nature of physics and of philosophy, and of the challenges posed by quantum mechanics to each, according to the different perspectives of the instructors.

  • Feb. 3: Outline of Characters, Plot, and Dramatic Conflict

    Required reading:

  • G. Segrè, Faust in Copenhagen (entire)
  • Feb. 10: The Pre-Quantum Picture

    The physics and philosophy of motion and mechanics in the Aristotelian world, and in the Newtonian world, with special attention to the behavior of light.

    Required reading:

  • I. B. Cohen, Birth of a New Physics, 1-184
  • Holton and Brush, Introduction to Concepts and Theories, pp. 31-37, 79-91
  • Feb. 17: The Blackbody Crisis and the Quantum Idea

    A crisis arises in understanding black-body radiation. Light's behavior is apparently insoluble in Newtonian terms. Planck proposes the quantum idea, which lies fallow for 5 years, then is nurtured by Einstein. But puzzles lie latent.

    Required reading:

  • D. Lindley, Uncertainty, chs. 1-10.
  • Holton and Brush, Introduction to Concepts and Theories, pp. 427-44, 470-90
  • E. Segrè, From X-Rays to Quarks (on reserve), ch. 4, "Planck, Unwilling Revolutionary: The Idea of Quantization"
  • Feb. 24: The Development of Quantum Mechanics

    The development of quantum mechanics: Heisenberg and matrices, Schrödinger and waves, Einstein-Bohr debates, uncertainty principle. The puzzles become explicit.

    Required reading:

  • D. Lindley, Uncertainty, chs. 11-18
  • Holton & Brush, Introduction to Concepts and Theories, pp. 491-501
  • I. Miller, Imagery in Scientific Thought (on res), ch. 4, "Redefining Visualizability"
  • E. Segrè, From X-Rays to Quarks, ch. 8, "A True Quantum Mechanics At Last"
  • Title and 1-sentence tentative project description due. This can be taken from suggestions we provide, or, with approval, something the student proposes.

  • Mar. 3: Laser Teaching Center Excursion

    Required reading:

  • R. Crease, Prism and Pendulum, Chs. 6, 10
  • Feynman, Lectures on Physics, excerpts; other readings to be assigned
  • Mar. 10: The Copenhagen Interpretation

    Required reading:

  • N. Bohr, "Discussion w. Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"
  • Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Reality Be Considered Complete?" and reply by Bohr, in Toulmin, Physical Reality
  • G. Holton, "The Roots of Complementarity"
  • One-page description (abstract and outline) of project due.

  • Mar. 17: Copenhagen: The Play

    Discussion of Michael Frayn's play, Copenhagen.

    Required reading:

  • M. Frayn, Copenhagen
  • Wilbur, Quantum Questions
  • Mar. 24: Philosophical Implications

    What have philosophers made of complementarity and quantum mechanics? Why has complementarity attracted mystics?

    Required reading:

  • P. Grim, ed., "Quantum Mysticism" section from Philosophy of Science and the Occult, 2nd ed.:
  • P. Grim, "Conflicting Notes from Einstein and Bohr;"
  • F. Capra, "The Unity of All Things;"
  • G. Zukav, "Einstein Doesn't Like It;"
  • Crease & Mann, "The Yogi and the Quantum;"
  • N. D. Mermin, "Quantum Mysteries for Anyone;"
  • M. Spector, "Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics"
  • M. Beller, "The Sokal Hoax: At Whom Are We Laughing?" Phys. Today, S 1998.
  • P. Anderson, "Thinking Big," Nature 29 Sept. 2005, p. 625
  • Brush, "The Chimerical Cat: Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics in Historical Perspective." Social Studies of Science 10: 393-447
  • First draft for project due.

  • Mar. 31: Popular Science

    Required reading:

  • E. Leane, Reading Popular Science, chs. 1, 4
  • L. Gilder, The Age of Entanglement (entire)
  • Apr. 7: NO CLASS!!! SPRING VACATION!!!

  • Apr. 14: Quantum Mechanics in the Arts I

    Quantum mechanics in art, music, literature, religion, etc.

    Students will select and present to the class one of the following articles, or choose a substitute:

  • J. Haas, "Complementarity and Christian Thought: An Assessment," Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation (1983): 145-51, 203-9.
  • R. Nadeau, Readings from the New Book on Nature: Physics and Metaphysics in the Modern Novel.
  • Virginia Williams, "Surrealism, Quantum Philosophy, and World War I," PhD diss, Duke, 1981.
  • S. Ryan, "Faulkner and Quantum Mechanics," Western Humanities Review 33 (1979), 329-39.
  • Honner, "Niels Bohr and the Mysticism of Nature," Zygon 17, 243-53.
  • Honner, "The Transcendental Philosophy of Niels Bohr, SHPS 13:1-29.
  • D. Harrison "What You See is What You Get!" AJP 47 (1979): 576-82; "Teaching the Tao of Physics" AJP 47 (1979), 779-83.
  • R. Schlegel, "Quantum Physics and the Divine Postulate," Zygon 14 (1979): 163-5.
  • A. Hye, "Bertolt Brecht and Atomic Physics" Science/Technology and the Humanities 1 (1978): 157-70.
  • F. Falk, "Physics and the Theatre: Richard Foreman's Particle Theory," Educational Theatre Journal 29 (1977): 395-404.
  • R. McCormmach, Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist
  • Apr. 21: Quantum Mechanics in the Arts II

    Continuation of Apr. 14.

    A final version of the paper or alternate form as approved by the instructors should be submitted, so that the instructors will have a chance to look at it before the in-class presentations.

  • Apr. 28: Presentations of Student Projects I

    All students have to work on a project, either individually or in collaboration. This project cannot be on one of the required readings (it may involve a suggested reading), and must explore some implication of quantum mechanics for philosophy, culture, or life. A starting point can be found in Brush's The History of Modern Science, essentially an extensive bibliography, though we hope students will find other sources. A project may consist of a summary and evaluation of a reading on the subject that we have not discussed. Or it may consist of discovering other kinds of influences of quantum mechanics: on literature or art, for instance. Or it may consist of producing an illustration of quantum mechanical principles in some arena other than physics -- say, a musical analogue of the double-slit experiment in which discernable rhythms eventually emerge out of randomly produced notes. Or it may consist of works - music, fiction -- inspired by your perceptions of the quantum concept.

    We encourage you to start working on the project as early as possible. Its form will be determined by agreement between student and instructors. You must provide the instructors with a title and 1-sentence description by February 24, a 1-page description (abstract and outline) by March 10, a first draft (or appropriate form for non-written work) by March 24, leaving room for further development before submitting a final version of the paper or (alternate form as approved by the instructors) by April 21, allowing the instructors to look at it before the in-class presentations on April 28 and May 5. You are encouraged to discuss your thoughts with the instructors at all stages. Students presenting alone will be limited to 8 minutes. By presenting in groups you can multiply your time allotment correspondingly. All students in a group will be graded the same, so each member has an incentive to support and guide the others, assuring that the work of all is of high caliber. However many people may be doing a presentation, extensive rehearsal is a must. Consider this as Broadway!

  • May 5: Presentations of Student Projects II


  • Books

    The required articles will be handed out, or left in either the Philosophy or Physics offices for students to copy. The following books are to be purchased:

  • I. B. Cohen, The Birth of a New Physics
  • M. Frayn, Copenhagen
  • D. Lindley, Uncertainty: Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr, and the Struggle for the Soul of Science
  • L. Gilder, The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics was Reborn
  • G. Segrè, Faust in Copenhagen
  • K. Wilbur, Quantum Questions

  • Course Structure

    For most classes, the instructors, or guest, speak for the first half, followed by a break for dinner, and on our return students will present and discuss material. The material discussed by the students may be part of the assigned readings for that week, a suggested reading for that week, or another reading suggested by the student that has been approved by the instructors.

    Requirements

    You are required to attend all classes, and to participate in the discussions and Blackboard assignments (1/week). You must complete the readings on time, by the date listed on the syllabus. You are responsible for making up any work missed for any reason. Grading is based on class participation (including periodic quizzes), class presentation, and the course project.

    Disability Support Services (DSS) Statement

    If you have a physical, psychological, medical, or learning disability that may impact your course work, please contact Disability Support Services (631) 632-6748 or http://studentaffairs.stonybrook.edu/dss/. They will determine with you what accommodations are necessary and appropriate. All information and documentation is confidential. Students who require assistance during emergency evacuation are encouraged to discuss their needs with their professors and Disability Support Services. For procedures and information see: http://www.stonybrook.edu/ehs/fire/disabilities/asp.

    Academic Integrity Statement

    Each student must pursue his or her academic goals honestly and be personally accountable for all submitted work. Representing another person's work as your own is always wrong. Faculty are required to report any suspected instance of academic dishonesty to the Academic Judiciary. For more comprehensive information on academic integrity, including categories of academic dishonesty, please refer to the academic judiciary website at http://www.stonybrook.edu/uaa/academicjudiciary/

    Critical Incident Management

    Stony Brook University expects students to respect the rights, privileges, and property of other people. Faculty are required to report to the Office of Judicial Affairs any disruptive behavior that interrupts their ability to teach, compromises the safety of the learning environment, and/or inhibits students' ability to learn.

    Blackboard

    Access class information on-line at: http://blackboard.sunysb.edu. If you used Blackboard in the Fall, your login information is unchanged. If you've never used Blackboard, your initial password is your SOLAR ID# and your username is your SBU (sparky) username, generally your first initial and the first 7 letters of your last name. For help or more information see: http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/helpdesk/docs/blackboard/bbstudent.php For problems logging in, go to the helpdesk in the Main Library SINC Site or the Union SINC Site, or call 631-632-9602 or e-mail helpme@ic.sunysb.edu

    Grading

    Students will be graded 50% on their project (including descriptions, presentation, and final submitted form), and 50% on class participation, including blackboard presentations: discovered references to quantum mechanics "in the wild" and responses to weekly questions about the texts.

    Project:
    
    Initial description	8
    abstract and outline	8
    first draft 		8
    final version 		8
    class presentation 	18
    
    Class participation:
    
    Attendance		13
    weekly questions 	2 points each
    biweekly references 	1 each
    in-class comments 	7